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真空吸塑成型模具
真空吸塑成型模具的设计包括了批量大小、成型设备、精度条件、几何形状设计、尺寸稳定性及表面质量等内容。
The design of vacuum suction moulds includes batch size, moulding equipment, precision conditions, geometric design, dimensional stability and surface quality.
1、批量的大小实验用，模具产量小时，可采用木材或树脂进行制造。但是，如果实验用模具是为了获得制品有关收缩、尺寸稳定性及循环时间等的数据时，应该使用单型腔模具来实验，且能保证其能在生产条件下运用。模具一般用石膏、铜、铝或铝-钢合金制造，很少用到铝-树脂。
1. For batch size experiments, if the output of the mould is small, it can be manufactured with wood or resin. However, if the experimental die is used to obtain the data of shrinkage, dimensional stability and cycle time of the product, the single cavity die should be used for the experiment, and it can be used under production conditions. Moulds are usually made of gypsum, copper, aluminium or aluminium-steel alloys, and Aluminium-Resin is seldom used.
2、几何形状设计，设计时，经常要综合考虑尺寸稳定性及表面质量。例如，制品设计和尺寸稳定性要求采用阴模(凹模)，但是表面要求光泽度较高的制品却要求使用阳模(凸模)，这样一来，塑件订购方会综合考虑到这两点，以使制品能在最佳条件下进行生产。经验证明，不符合实际加工条件的设计往往是失败的。
2. In geometric design, dimensional stability and surface quality are often considered comprehensively. For example, product design and dimensional stability require the use of negative dies (concave dies), but products with higher surface gloss require the use of positive dies (punches), so that plastic parts orderers will take these two points into account, so that products can be produced under optimal conditions. Experience has proved that design that does not meet the actual processing conditions is often a failure.
3 、尺寸稳定，在成型过程中，塑件与模具接触的面要比离开模具部分的尺寸稳定性更好。如果日后由于材料刚度的需要要求改变材料厚度，可能导致要将阳模转换为阴模。塑件的尺寸公差不能低于收缩率的10%。
3. Dimension stability. In the process of forming, the contact surface between the plastic part and the die is better than the dimension stability of the part leaving the die. If the material thickness is required to be changed in the future due to the requirement of material stiffness, it may lead to the conversion of positive mode to negative mode. The dimensional tolerance of plastic parts should not be less than 10% of shrinkage.
4 、塑件表面 ，就成型材料能够包住的范围而言，塑件可见面的表面结构应在与模具接触处成型。如果可能的话，塑件的光洁面不要与模具表面接触。就像采用阴模制造浴盆和洗衣盆的情况。
4. The surface structure of the visible surface of the plastic part should be formed at the contact point with the mould, as far as the scope of the forming material can be enclosed. If possible, do not contact the surface of the mould. It's like making bathtubs and laundry basins in a negative mold.
5、修饰， 如果使用机械式水平锯锯掉塑件的夹持边，在高度方向上，至少要有6~8mm的余量。其他的修整工作，如磨削、激光切削或射流，也必须留有余量。刀口模切割线间的间隙最小，冲孔模修整时的分布宽度也很小，这些都是要注意的。
5. Modification, if using mechanical horizontal saw to cut off the clamping edge of plastic parts, in the direction of height, at least 6-8 mm margin should be allowed. Other modification work, such as grinding, laser cutting or jet, must also leave a margin. The clearance between cutting lines is the smallest, and the distribution width of punching die is also very small, which should be paid attention to.
6 、收缩和变形 ，塑料易收缩(如PE) ，有些塑件易变形，无论如何预防，塑件在冷却阶段都会发生变形。在这种条件下，就要改变成型模具的外形来适应塑件的几何偏差。例如:尽管塑件壁保持平直，但其基准中心已偏离10mm ;可以抬高模具底座，以调整这种变形的收缩量。
6. Shrinkage and deformation, plastic is easy to shrink (e.g. PE), some plastic parts are easy to deform, no matter how to prevent, plastic parts will deform in the cooling stage. Under such conditions, it is necessary to change the shape of the forming die to adapt to the geometric deviation of the plastic parts. For example, although the wall of the plastic part remains straight, its reference center has deviated from 10 mm; the base of the die can be raised to adjust the shrinkage of the deformation.
7、收缩量， 在制造吸塑成型模具时一定要考虑到下列的收缩因素。① 成型制品收缩。如果不能清楚地知道塑料的收缩率，则必须取样或用相似形状的模具通过试验来得到。注意:通过这种方法只能得到收缩率，不能得到变形尺寸。② 中间介质的不利影响造成的收缩，如陶瓷、硅橡胶等。③ 模具所用材料的收缩，如铸造铝时的收缩。
7. The following shrinkage factors must be taken into account when making the suction moulds. (1) shrinkage of moulded products. If the shrinkage of plastics is not clearly known, it must be sampled or tested with similar shaped moulds. Note: Only shrinkage can be obtained by this method, but deformation size can not be obtained. (2) Shrinkage caused by adverse effects of intermediate media, such as ceramics, silicone rubber, etc. (3) The shrinkage of the materials used in the mould, such as the shrinkage in casting aluminium.
The design of vacuum suction moulds includes batch size, moulding equipment, precision conditions, geometric design, dimensional stability and surface quality.
1、批量的大小实验用，模具产量小时，可采用木材或树脂进行制造。但是，如果实验用模具是为了获得制品有关收缩、尺寸稳定性及循环时间等的数据时，应该使用单型腔模具来实验，且能保证其能在生产条件下运用。模具一般用石膏、铜、铝或铝-钢合金制造，很少用到铝-树脂。
1. For batch size experiments, if the output of the mould is small, it can be manufactured with wood or resin. However, if the experimental die is used to obtain the data of shrinkage, dimensional stability and cycle time of the product, the single cavity die should be used for the experiment, and it can be used under production conditions. Moulds are usually made of gypsum, copper, aluminium or aluminium-steel alloys, and Aluminium-Resin is seldom used.
2、几何形状设计，设计时，经常要综合考虑尺寸稳定性及表面质量。例如，制品设计和尺寸稳定性要求采用阴模(凹模)，但是表面要求光泽度较高的制品却要求使用阳模(凸模)，这样一来，塑件订购方会综合考虑到这两点，以使制品能在最佳条件下进行生产。经验证明，不符合实际加工条件的设计往往是失败的。
2. In geometric design, dimensional stability and surface quality are often considered comprehensively. For example, product design and dimensional stability require the use of negative dies (concave dies), but products with higher surface gloss require the use of positive dies (punches), so that plastic parts orderers will take these two points into account, so that products can be produced under optimal conditions. Experience has proved that design that does not meet the actual processing conditions is often a failure.
3 、尺寸稳定，在成型过程中，塑件与模具接触的面要比离开模具部分的尺寸稳定性更好。如果日后由于材料刚度的需要要求改变材料厚度，可能导致要将阳模转换为阴模。塑件的尺寸公差不能低于收缩率的10%。
3. Dimension stability. In the process of forming, the contact surface between the plastic part and the die is better than the dimension stability of the part leaving the die. If the material thickness is required to be changed in the future due to the requirement of material stiffness, it may lead to the conversion of positive mode to negative mode. The dimensional tolerance of plastic parts should not be less than 10% of shrinkage.
4 、塑件表面 ，就成型材料能够包住的范围而言，塑件可见面的表面结构应在与模具接触处成型。如果可能的话，塑件的光洁面不要与模具表面接触。就像采用阴模制造浴盆和洗衣盆的情况。
4. The surface structure of the visible surface of the plastic part should be formed at the contact point with the mould, as far as the scope of the forming material can be enclosed. If possible, do not contact the surface of the mould. It's like making bathtubs and laundry basins in a negative mold.
5、修饰， 如果使用机械式水平锯锯掉塑件的夹持边，在高度方向上，至少要有6~8mm的余量。其他的修整工作，如磨削、激光切削或射流，也必须留有余量。刀口模切割线间的间隙最小，冲孔模修整时的分布宽度也很小，这些都是要注意的。
5. Modification, if using mechanical horizontal saw to cut off the clamping edge of plastic parts, in the direction of height, at least 6-8 mm margin should be allowed. Other modification work, such as grinding, laser cutting or jet, must also leave a margin. The clearance between cutting lines is the smallest, and the distribution width of punching die is also very small, which should be paid attention to.
6 、收缩和变形 ，塑料易收缩(如PE) ，有些塑件易变形，无论如何预防，塑件在冷却阶段都会发生变形。在这种条件下，就要改变成型模具的外形来适应塑件的几何偏差。例如:尽管塑件壁保持平直，但其基准中心已偏离10mm ;可以抬高模具底座，以调整这种变形的收缩量。
6. Shrinkage and deformation, plastic is easy to shrink (e.g. PE), some plastic parts are easy to deform, no matter how to prevent, plastic parts will deform in the cooling stage. Under such conditions, it is necessary to change the shape of the forming die to adapt to the geometric deviation of the plastic parts. For example, although the wall of the plastic part remains straight, its reference center has deviated from 10 mm; the base of the die can be raised to adjust the shrinkage of the deformation.
7、收缩量， 在制造吸塑成型模具时一定要考虑到下列的收缩因素。① 成型制品收缩。如果不能清楚地知道塑料的收缩率，则必须取样或用相似形状的模具通过试验来得到。注意:通过这种方法只能得到收缩率，不能得到变形尺寸。② 中间介质的不利影响造成的收缩，如陶瓷、硅橡胶等。③ 模具所用材料的收缩，如铸造铝时的收缩。
7. The following shrinkage factors must be taken into account when making the suction moulds. (1) shrinkage of moulded products. If the shrinkage of plastics is not clearly known, it must be sampled or tested with similar shaped moulds. Note: Only shrinkage can be obtained by this method, but deformation size can not be obtained. (2) Shrinkage caused by adverse effects of intermediate media, such as ceramics, silicone rubber, etc. (3) The shrinkage of the materials used in the mould, such as the shrinkage in casting aluminium.
